Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Gowthamrajan Kuppusamy ¹, Anindita De ¹, Ayush Jaiswal ¹, Ananya Chatterjee ¹

Affiliations
1 JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Post Box 20, Ooty, Tamilnadu-643001, IN

Abstract

The placenta is only a temporary, disc-shaped organ which connect mother with the fetus via the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to provide the nutrition and protection. At the current era pregnancy complications like including pre-eclampsia, fetal development restriction, premature birth, placental abruption, and late pregnancy loss makes the scientist to turn their focuses on placental barrier for the drug transport. The formation of the placenta immediately starts after the implementation of the blastocyst. The blastocyst trophoblast form multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast and proliferate to form cytotrophoblast cells. Trophoblastic composite and trophoblast intrusion contributes in the reconstructing of maternal spiral arteries within the uterine wall. The branch structure of trophoblast inside the lacunar spaces consequence in the constitution of villous trees responsiple for the exchange of nutrition and gas. Drug molecules basically pass through the placenta barrier using the passive diffusion, facilated transport and efflux, and transcytosis pathways. The passive diffusion of the drugs through the placenta depends on the nature of the drug where as Facillited transport is membrane proteins dependent. The hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the key for the active transporation governed by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein. Endocytosis mechanism is responsible for both endogenous compound transport as well as xenobiotics such as drug-loaded nanoparticle present in placental syncytiotrophoblast. Nanotechnology approaches is the latest trend to deliver the drug to the fetus as well and to restrict the entry of the drugs to protect the fetus damage. Placenta on chip is few latest trend for the placental drug delivery. The review specifically forcus on the variors transport mechanism of the drugs through the placenta as well as the metabolism of the drugs.

Keywords

Placenta Anatomy, Drugs For Placenta Transport, Placenta Transport, Placental Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, Latest Trend.

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Senthil Venkatachalam ¹, Ayush Jaiswal ¹, Anindita De ², Rohith Krishnan Vijayakumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamilnadu-643001, IN
2 Affiliated by JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), or Alzheimer’s, It is neurodegenerative disease starts very slowly and with time it got worse one of the biggest challenge of the CNS drug delivery scientist. Mental and physic exercise, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, and avoiding adipositas may reduce the risk of the AD. Currently, existing/approved drugs for the treatment of the AD are based on neurotransmitter or enzyme replacement/modulation. Existing therapies gives just an optimum advantage and consequently, in present, there is an evident desire for advanced medications or therapies. Drug repurposing is one of the latest trend and the alternative approach in drug advancement, with a history of successful reuse of currently available drugs. A signify category of the drugs reuse in the management of the AD among them the prominent category is the anticancer, antiepileptic, antibiotics, ant diabetic etc. The review focuses on mechanism and application for the repurposing of the existing drugs in the light of the clinical and pre-clinical evidences.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s Disease, Repurposing Drugs, Repurposed Drugs Pathways, Preclinical Data, Clinical Evidences.

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